Unveiling the Secrets of ‘Alexander’s Prison’: Explore the Legendary Dungeon!
Located in the heart of Yazd, the stunning Zendan-e Iskandar, often referred to as “Alexander’s Prison,” is a remarkable 15th-century domed structure steeped in history and legend. This iconic monument derives its name from a poem by Hafez, and local folklore attributes its origins to Alexander the Great, who is said to have constructed a dungeon within its courtyard.
Positioned in the historic Fahadan neighborhood, Zendan-e Iskandar is in close proximity to the eleventh-century Davazdeh Imam Shrine. The name itself links to a captivating story where Alexander supposedly built a castle in Yazd to imprison captured princes. Interestingly, Yazd is sometimes referred to as Zendan-e Iskandar in various literary texts, highlighting its historical significance.
The mausoleum, located at the southeast corner of the site, connects to the main iwan and courtyard through two doorways. This square structure measures 8.8 meters on each side and is reinforced by thick walls designed to support its impressive 18-meter-high dome. The striking dome of Zendan-e Iskandar is not only a prominent feature of the courtyard but also dominates the surrounding skyline.
Constructed primarily from mud brick, with baked brick for the dome’s outer shell, the building showcases a decorative three-tier muqarnas cornice in the octagonal zone of transition. While the courtyard and adjacent spaces remain unadorned, the interior of the tomb chamber is embellished with floriated Kufic inscriptions and painted plaster motifs, representative of the Muzaffarid period.
Historical records indicate that Zendan-e Iskandar and its adjoining structures were part of the Madarasa Ziaiyya, a religious school established in the late 13th century during the Il-Khanid era by Ziya’ al-Din Husayn-e Razi and his family. As noted in the Tarikh-e Jadid-e Yazd (The New History of Yazd), this institution was notable for its grand portal with towering minarets, surrounded by luxurious mansions complete with tall wind catchers, known as badgirs.
Despite the rich historical context, experts like Iraj Afshar point out that the precise identification of Zendan-e Iskandar as the Madarasa Ziaiyya remains uncertain due to a lack of epigraphic evidence.
The current structure adheres to a classic 13th-14th century madrasa layout, featuring a rectangular courtyard bordered by three iwans. The larger western iwan is complemented by smaller northern and southern iwans, each adjacent to rectilinear cells of varying depths, likely a result of subsequent alterations. At the heart of the courtyard lies a payab, an underground chamber that provides access to the qanat, or underground water channel, beneath the site.
Zendan-e Iskandar played a significant role in oil production until the 1970s, after which it fell into disrepair. Fortunately, the National Heritage Organization of Iran undertook its restoration in the 1980s, transforming it into a popular tourist attraction.
A Must-Visit Destination
In July 2017, the historical core of Yazd was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, further solidifying its status as a must-see destination. Travelers often describe Yazd as a captivating place, renowned for its mudbrick houses featuring innovative wind catchers (badgirs), atmospheric alleyways, and a plethora of Islamic and Iranian monuments that define its unique cityscape.
Cultural heritage experts regard Yazd as a testament to the ingenuity of its residents in adapting to the challenging desert environment. The city’s historical core is a treasure trove of architectural wonders, including:
- Mudbrick houses
- Bazaars
- Bathhouses
- Water cisterns
- Mosques
- Synagogues
- Zoroastrian temples
- Ancient gardens
Yazd’s harmonious coexistence of Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism further enriches its cultural and spiritual heritage, making it an intriguing destination for tourists and scholars alike.
In conclusion, the Zendan-e Iskandar not only serves as a historical landmark but also embodies the cultural richness of Yazd. Its architectural beauty and the tales woven into its walls invite visitors to explore and appreciate the depth of Iran’s heritage.
