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In Iran, the conservation of indigenous livestock and poultry is vital for food security, as these breeds are well-adapted to local climates. While commercial farmers prefer exotic breeds for their higher productivity, rural communities utilize indigenous breeds for sustenance. Women, youth, and local residents play key roles in managing these resources, often facing challenges due to insufficient funding and migration to urban areas. Climate change and droughts threaten native populations, prompting initiatives like the establishment of research centers and databases to support conservation. Increased awareness and funding are crucial for reversing the decline of these genetic resources and ensuring sustainability.
The Iranian government has allocated 120 billion rials (approximately $144,000) to enhance healthcare access for rare diseases, which affect over 300 million people globally. The Salamat Health Insurance Organization, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, established the Rare Disease Foundation to reduce out-of-pocket costs and promote health equity. Currently, it covers 130 rare diseases, benefiting over 2.5 million patients. The foundation focuses heavily on cancer treatments, which consume about 70% of its budget. Celebrated on May 8, World Thalassemia Day raises awareness of thalassemia, which affects over 19,000 patients in Iran, highlighting the need for comprehensive care.
Stanford University and Elsevier have recognized 2,772 Iranian researchers among the top two percent of most-cited scientists globally, reflecting significant contributions across various fields. This annual list, based on comprehensive Scopus data through the end of 2024, evaluates researchers using a composite citation indicator (c-score). The presence of Iranian researchers on this list has increased, with 2,533 high-citation researchers noted for 2025-2026, indicating improved scientific quality. Iran ranks 32nd globally for research output, excelling particularly in Physical Sciences. Despite sanctions, Iran aims to climb from 17th to 12th in global scientific production by 2027, emphasizing increased funding and research facilitation.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has partnered with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) to enhance the saffron industry in Iran, which produces over 90% of the world’s saffron. This initiative addresses challenges in the saffron value chain, including adulteration and inconsistent post-harvest handling. A key component is the implementation of a high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance method for quality testing, alongside training for farmers and traders in saffron-producing regions. This collaboration aims to improve transparency, reduce fraud, and increase market opportunities, ultimately supporting food authenticity and contributing to sustainable development goals.