Ancient Seljuk and Ilkhanid Oil Lamps Shine at National Museum of Iran

TEHRAN—In an exciting development for cultural heritage enthusiasts, two metal oil lamps dating back to the Seljuk (11th–12th centuries) and Ilkhanid (13th–14th centuries) periods have been transferred to the National Museum of Iran. This significant discovery highlights the rich history of the Masuleh Cultural Landscape, which is currently under consideration for UNESCO registration.

According to Dr. Mostafa Pourali, the official overseeing the UNESCO dossier for Masuleh, these remarkable artifacts were unearthed during archaeological test excavations aimed at demarcating the boundaries of historical sites in 2012. The excavation, led by Behrouz Hamrang, specifically took place in the northern part of the ancient city of Masuleh, near the Old Masuleh archaeological site, as reported by an official from the National Museum.

The oil lamps showcase intricate decorative elements, such as symbolic bird motifs, which reflect the rich metalworking tradition of the region. Experts have confirmed that these items date back to the Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods and share notable typological similarities with other artifacts found in Khorasan and Herat, located in eastern Iran.

Dr. Pourali emphasized the significance of this discovery, stating that it not only highlights the artistic prowess of Masuleh but also its cultural connections with other prominent centers of Islamic metalwork during that era. With the endorsement of Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts, these artifacts are set to be displayed in the Archaeology and Islamic Art section of the National Museum of Iran. They will soon be featured prominently in the galleries dedicated to the Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods.

Masuleh was a thriving hub during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods, and archaeological surveys in the area have unveiled numerous sites from these eras. These sites offer insights into various aspects of life, including:

• Iron Mining: Evidence of iron mining activities has been uncovered, indicating the region’s industrial capabilities.
• Smelting Furnaces: Remnants of ancient smelting furnaces have been discovered, showcasing advanced metalworking techniques.
• Seasonal Settlements: Some sites have been linked to seasonal pastoralist settlements, illustrating the area’s diverse historical usage.

Moreover, joint Iranian-Chinese excavations at the Khan Baji Sera site, located near Masuleh, have revealed late Seljuk-era metalworking furnaces. This discovery suggests a strong influence from Central Asia, further enriching the historical narrative of the region. Dr. Pourali concluded that these findings significantly underscore Masuleh’s historical importance and its extensive ties with eastern Iran.

The recent transfer of these oil lamps to the National Museum of Iran marks a pivotal moment in the preservation of cultural heritage. The lamps not only serve as artistic treasures but also as tangible connections to the past, embodying the intricate craftsmanship and cultural exchanges that characterized the Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods.

As the Masuleh Cultural Landscape awaits UNESCO recognition, it stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of history and culture that Iran has to offer. The ongoing archaeological efforts and discoveries in the region highlight the importance of preserving such sites for future generations, ensuring that the stories of the past continue to be told.

In conclusion, the discovery and display of the Seljuk and Ilkhanid oil lamps at the National Museum of Iran is a significant milestone for both archaeology and cultural heritage. These artifacts not only enhance our understanding of the historical significance of Masuleh but also celebrate the artistry and craftsmanship of a bygone era.