Unveiling Ancient Sirvan: Explore the Marvels of Sassanid-Style Architecture!
The ancient city of Sirvan, located in Ilam province, is a remarkable testament to the architectural and cultural achievements of the Sassanid era and the early Islamic centuries, as highlighted by renowned prehistoric archaeology specialist, Habibollah Mahmoudian. This city, steeped in history, showcases unique architectural features that draw parallels with the nearby city of Seymareh (Darrehshahr), emphasizing the rich civilization that once thrived in this region.
Mahmoudian elaborated on the architectural similarities between Sirvan and Seymareh, pointing out key aspects such as:
- Architectural Style: Both cities exhibit comparable building designs and styles.
- Type of Arch: The arch structures found in Sirvan and Seymareh are notably similar.
- Building Materials: The materials used in construction share common origins.
In his discussion, Mahmoudian noted that Sirvan’s architectural style is akin to significant historical monuments, including:
- The ancient city of Seymareh
- The castles on the slopes of Kabir Kouh Mountain, such as Sheikh Makan and Bahram Choobin
- The Cham Ab Bardeh Bridge, located near Darrehshahr
He emphasized that the buildings in Darrehshahr were primarily constructed using river rubble, which is consistent with the materials found in Sirvan. Seymareh is distinguished by its array of palaces, caravanserais, and various residential structures, many of which continue to stand the test of time.
According to Mahmoudian, the majority of the ancient city’s streets and alleys have been systematically surveyed and planned. He referenced the observations of French archaeologist De Morgan, who documented that the houses in Seymareh typically consist of a single story at ground level, featuring plastered arches.
Furthermore, Mahmoudian elaborated on the construction materials, stating that the rubble used in both Sirvan and Seymareh originates from the banks of the Seymareh River. The plaster utilized in these cities was sourced from the nearby mountains, and the roofs were predominantly designed in a dome shape or with crescent arches.
Seifollah Kambakhshfard, in an article titled “Darrehshahr,” remarked, “Currently, there are signs of arches and curves in these ruins. The bright shadows from the street layout, alleys, and urban communication network system are evident in this texture.”
Mahmoudian also pointed out that many arches within these ruins signify a transition in architectural style from the Sassanid to the Islamic eras. This architectural evolution reflects a continuous development, marked by two distinct schools of design that evolved in tandem. A similar pattern can be observed in the architecture of Sirvan.
In conclusion, Mahmoudian asserted that Sirvan is contemporaneous with Seymareh (modern-day Darrehshahr), sharing a nearly identical architectural style. During the Sassanid period and the early Islamic centuries, Sirvan was a significant and prestigious urban center, strategically located for social interaction due to its favorable natural and climatic conditions, abundant water resources, and fertile lands.
He emphasized that the architectural features of Sirvan and Seymareh are comparable, particularly in terms of design, crescent arches, and the materials used.
Discussing the region’s cultural identities, Mahmoudian noted that remnants of the ancient city, including castles, quadrangles, fortified fortresses, and a dense presence of pottery, stone blades, and tools, serve as visible evidence of the cultural heritage and human settlement throughout various historical periods.
He also highlighted the historical significance of the ancient region along the banks of the Sirvan River, which is located at the foothills of the Charmin heights. The geographical advantages of this area, including its proximity to mountains and plains, temperate climate, and rich water resources, have played a crucial role in sustaining human settlement throughout different epochs, spanning from prehistoric to historical and Islamic periods.
Interestingly, while the lower valley of Sarab-e Kalan, situated along the banks of the Sirvan River, experiences a warmer climate, the ancient city of Sirvan enjoys a temperate mountainous climate, contributing to its unique historical and cultural landscape.
