Unearthing History: Discovering Bronze to Iron Age Settlements in the Ilam Plain
Discover the fascinating history of the ancient site of Bakheh Nam, located in the southern region of Ilam plain. This archaeological treasure, dating back to the Bronze to Iron Age, has been the focus of recent studies by renowned prehistoric archaeology specialist, Habibollah Mahmoudian. As interest in ancient settlements grows, Bakheh Nam emerges as a significant point of exploration and discovery.
Mahmoudian detailed in an interview with ISNA that the ancient hill of Bakheh Nam is strategically positioned between the city of Ilam and the village of Chalsara, covering approximately five hectares. This site measures about 500 meters in length and nearly 100 meters in width, rising to a relative height of about four meters at its peak.
The site is characterized by a considerable area free from modern constructions. The lack of immovable artifacts on its surface suggests that cultural materials, especially pottery, are prevalent throughout the site. According to Mahmoudian, Bakheh Nam likely served as a permanent settlement along the river, historically connected to Tapeh Mil (Mil Hill) to the south, although recent developments have physically separated these two significant sites.
Among the intriguing findings at Bakheh Nam are:
- A series of kiln welds observed on the hill’s surface, indicating the presence of pottery kilns.
- Abundant pottery artifacts, primarily red with well-formed and sufficiently baked pastes.
- Distinct types of pottery, including wheel-made pieces characterized by plain and patterned designs.
- Patterns featuring horizontal and wavy stripes, alongside tight rope and finger decorations.
Mahmoudian further elaborated on the cultural characteristics of the pottery discovered at this site, mentioning:
- Clay coatings and outward-turned edges, which are notable features of the local ceramics.
- Pottery pieces with red pastes exhibiting a single color glaze of blue and turquoise green, although lacking in durability.
- Artifacts with flat bodies and bottoms, as well as samples featuring turquoise green glaze and black underglaze painting.
Among the most intriguing artifacts was a small piece of a pottery vessel, distinguished by its green color and a glaze applied over a slip underneath a transparent coating. Despite being significantly eroded, it was noted for its Kufic script pattern within the vessel, although details remain unclear due to degradation over time.
In addition to the pottery findings, Mahmoudian highlighted the presence of traditional water mills along the banks of rivers in Ilam. These historical structures, often referred to as weeping and laughing water mills, have been noted by some archaeologists as numbering up to seventeen from the valleys to the village of Mehdi Abad.
The archaeologist emphasized that initial studies reveal a wealth of such structures throughout Ilam province, yet many have not been thoroughly examined. He pointed out several other historical mills in the region, including:
- Qobad Mill
- Kazem Beg Mill
- Tanooreh Khan Mill
These mills are recognized as essential components of Ilam’s industrial and historical heritage, underscoring the need for increased attention and protection for these irreplaceable structures.
In conclusion, Bakheh Nam and its surroundings offer a unique glimpse into ancient settlement patterns and artisanal practices, highlighting the rich archaeological heritage of the Ilam plain. The ongoing research and exploration in this area not only shed light on the past but also call for preservation efforts to protect these invaluable historical resources for future generations.
