New Archaeological Survey Initiated to Safeguard Surt’s Ancient Treasures in Northern Iran
In recent news, a dedicated team of archaeologists has initiated a survey aimed at defining the boundaries and establishing a protective buffer zone for the ancient site of Surt, situated in the Mazandaran province of northern Iran. This important undertaking is supported by the provincial department for cultural heritage and has been sanctioned by Iran’s Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism.
The excavation team is led by Saman Sourtiji, an assistant professor and faculty member at the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism. The project also sees the involvement of local archaeologists, members of the Islamic Council, and the village administration of Orost, along with the management of the nearby natural springs, known as Badab-e Surt.
Preliminary studies have revealed that the Surt site is strategically located along a significant historical route connecting the ancient settlement of Qusheh, famously known as the “City of a Hundred Gates,” to the expansive Gorgan plain. This area showcases evidence of multiple settlements throughout various historical periods, according to Sourtiji.
The ancient site of Surt is particularly noteworthy for its stunning travertine stepped springs, which display vibrant hues of red, cream, and yellow. These natural wonders have earned Surt a place on Iran’s national natural heritage list, making it the second registered natural site in the country. Current surface findings suggest that Surt has been a vital settlement area dating from the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, continuing through the Iron Age and into the 9th and 10th centuries AH (15th–16th centuries CE).
According to Sourtiji, the Surt site spans over 300 hectares, encompassing ancient settlement zones and burial grounds. The site is geographically bordered by:
- Mount Surt to the north
- Colorful travertine springs to the south
- Rangelands and foothills to the east and west
In addition to its archaeological significance, Surt is distinguished by unique natural features. Among these are:
- A large saline pool measuring approximately 500 square meters
- Smaller, slightly acidic and carbonated springs
- A toxic spring harmful to livestock
- An upstream freshwater spring that was essential for sustaining ancient habitation
While the site boasts rich historical and natural importance, Sourtiji has expressed concerns regarding the threats facing Surt. These threats include:
- Illegal excavations
- Road construction
- Tourism-related development
He emphasizes that implementing a detailed program to delineate the site’s boundaries and propose a legal buffer zone is crucial for the sustainable protection of this cultural and natural heritage. Such measures will not only help preserve the site but also clarify its historical significance, facilitating broader excavations, enhanced management practices, and stronger preservation efforts.
Furthermore, Sourtiji advocates for increased institutional support to protect Surt, referring to it as a “treasure of Iran’s history and nature.” He also highlights the importance of preparing the site for potential nomination to the UNESCO World Heritage list.
In summary, the ongoing archaeological survey at the ancient site of Surt is a vital step in safeguarding one of Iran’s most important cultural and natural treasures. As the team works to define the boundaries and propose protective measures, the future of this historic site looks promising, provided that the necessary support and resources are made available for its preservation.
