Iran and Iraq: Key Strategic Allies Shaping Regional Stability

The Islamic Republic of Iran continues to assert its influence in the region, especially following the 12-day war imposed by Israel. Contrary to expectations, Iran’s regional power has not diminished; in fact, it has expanded. The recent visit of Ali Larijani, the new Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council (SNSC), to Iraq underscores the significance of the relationship between Iran and Iraq. This visit mirrors the first foreign trip of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, clearly indicating that Iraq remains a strategic priority for Tehran.

In the post-Saddam era, Iraq has benefited immensely from Iran’s extensive cooperation, helping the country navigate internal chaos, occupation, and security challenges. Iran’s role as a crucial supporter has not only stabilized Iraq but also transformed it into a vital security and economic partner. This collaboration is most evident during significant events, such as the Arbaeen procession, which has proceeded smoothly thanks to the mutual cooperation and security arrangements between the two nations.

• Strategic Significance: Iran and Iraq share a 1,458-kilometer common border, making them key players in regional security.
• Mutual Interests: The historical ties and collaboration over the past two decades have fostered a deep understanding aimed at mutual benefit.
• Energy Potential: Both countries control substantial oil and gas reserves, with Iraq in Basra and Kirkuk and Iran in Khuzestan, which could reshape OPEC dynamics.

Over the years, relations between Iran and Iraq have expanded across various sectors including political, economic, social, and cultural realms. The deep-rooted historical and cultural bonds, coupled with the shared goal of maintaining security, have propelled this partnership. A landmark in this cooperation was the signing of a security agreement on March 19, 2023, between Ali Shamkhani and Iraqi National Security Advisor Qasim al-Araji.

This agreement primarily focuses on preventing Iraq from being used as a base for hostile and counter-revolutionary groups, particularly in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The commitment to this agreement has been evident among political and military officials from both nations. The collaboration has successfully kept counter-revolutionary groups away from the Iran-Iraq border, allowing for greater security.

As Iraqi security official Al-Araji noted, “Iran and Iraq’s security are intertwined.” This sentiment emphasizes Baghdad’s commitment to implementing the security agreement and exploring new cooperative frameworks. Iraq’s Joint Operations Command, represented by Major General Tahsin al-Khafaji, has also reaffirmed its dedication to ensuring that Iraqi territory is not used for attacks against neighboring countries.

• Common Security Understanding: The long-term collaboration has led to a shared understanding of security needs.
• Commitment to Agreements: Despite internal challenges, Iraq’s central government has shown a strong commitment to upholding the security agreement.
• Challenges: The internal issues within the Iraqi Kurdistan Region have posed challenges to implementing the agreement fully.

Despite efforts by the United States to create a divide between Tehran and Baghdad, Iran has maintained a continuous dialogue with all political factions in Iraq. The US has attempted various strategies to distance Iraqi political groups from Iran; however, these efforts have largely failed. In times of internal political strife, Iraqi leaders often turn to Iranian officials for mediation and support, highlighting the goodwill that exists between the nations.

Iraq has emerged as a significant player in regional political mediation, facilitating valuable dialogue between Tehran and Baghdad. This diplomatic role has enabled Iraq to effectively represent the foreign policy goals of the Islamic Republic, creating a counter-narrative to US and Israeli attempts to weaken this alliance.

In summary, the relationship between Iran and Iraq remains robust, characterized by deep-rooted historical ties and mutual interests in security and economic cooperation. As both countries navigate the complex geopolitical landscape, their collaboration is pivotal for regional stability and the security of energy routes, trade corridors, and supply chains.

As these two nations continue to strengthen their ties, the importance of their partnership will only grow in the face of external pressures and challenges. The ongoing commitment to mutual security agreements and collaborative efforts underscores the enduring bond between Iran and Iraq, making them both key players in the region’s future.