Empowering Conservation: How Science Drives Species Preservation, According to DOE Official

In the quest for species conservation, leveraging scientific expertise is critical to addressing the pressing issue of endangered species in Iran. The Department of Environment (DOE) emphasizes the importance of expert knowledge in safeguarding the rich biodiversity that the country boasts.

Iran’s unique geographical location contributes to a remarkable diversity of flora and fauna, thanks to its varying climates and abundant water resources from the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Sea. Unfortunately, this biodiversity is under threat. Over recent years, numerous invaluable species, including the Persian lion and the Mazandaran tiger, have faced extinction due to several challenges.

Hamid Zoharbi, an official from the DOE, warns that if immediate action is not taken, species such as the Persian cheetah, Persian zebra, yellow deer, and Baluchistan black bear are at risk of disappearing forever. He stated, “If nothing is done, species on the track of extinction will disappear.”

Fortunately, specialized committees have been established to implement technical measures to protect endangered species. As Zoharbi noted, these committees have effectively safeguarded species like the great bustard, yellow deer, and black bear over the past year. They utilize scientific methods to devise practical animal preservation strategies and monitor the implementation of these plans.

In addressing the challenges of species conservation, Zoharbi emphasized the significance of foresight. He mentioned that the absence of sustainable financial resources has created numerous obstacles in the conservation efforts.

Initiatives for Preserving Endangered Species

In a significant move, President Masoud Pezeshkian issued an order in May requiring the DOE to create a strategic plan aimed at preserving endangered species in the country. According to the latest report from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), around 154 species of Iranian vertebrates are critically endangered.

Pezeshkian highlighted the necessity for a comprehensive and operational environmental plan that encompasses various environmental sectors. This plan should include:

• Goals and objectives
• Assumptions for implementation
• Operational measures
• Financial resources
• Expected results

Iran’s biodiversity is impressive, featuring approximately 37,500 animal species and over 8,000 plant species. The country is home to:

• 579 bird species
• 214 mammal species
• 284 reptile species
• 23 amphibian species
• 309 freshwater fish species
• 763 marine fish species

Additionally, Iran has identified about 35,283 invertebrate species, with more than 32,600 of them being arthropods. Notably, over 94% of the animal species diversity in the country is attributed to invertebrates, while vertebrates account for less than 6%. Insects are particularly diverse, with at least 26,800 species making up more than 70% of the total species count.

Among the critically endangered species are the Asiatic cheetah and the ostrich, both of which have dwindled to fewer than 25 individuals in the wild. Additionally, five unique species of Caspian sturgeon are facing extinction in the Caspian waters.

Experts underscore that while species extinction is a natural occurrence, the alarming rate at which species are disappearing today is largely influenced by human activities. This rapid decline poses serious threats to ecosystems and the overall health of our planet.

Reflecting on Iran’s biodiversity, Zoharbi stated, “Sadly, the unsustainable exploitation of biological resources has affected and disrupted ecosystems in several areas.” His remarks came in conjunction with World Biodiversity Day, celebrated annually on May 22.

The Department of Environment is responsible for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This convention has three primary objectives:

• Conserving biodiversity
• Promoting sustainable use of natural resources
• Ensuring equitable sharing of biodiversity benefits

Achieving these goals is contingent upon the active participation of local communities. Zoharbi emphasized that environmental protection must be sustainable and take into account social and economic factors when planning conservation efforts.

In conclusion, the collaborative efforts of experts, government initiatives, and community involvement are essential for the effective preservation of endangered species and the maintenance of Iran’s rich biodiversity.