MP Champions Conservation of Native and Endemic Plant Species for a Greener Future
The Iranian parliament’s environment fraction head, Somayeh Rafiei, has emphasized the critical importance of conserving endemic and native plant species within the nation. Implementing plant diversity conservation projects is essential for safeguarding Iran’s rich biodiversity, particularly in areas like the Zagros forests, which rank among the top 20 global biodiversity hotspots. This article explores the unique flora of Iran and the urgent need for protective measures to ensure its survival.
Iran boasts a remarkable variety of plant species, with over 8,500 species identified, primarily located in the Zagros region. In comparison, Europe is home to only around 5,000 plant species. Rafiei highlighted these facts during a recent statement reported by ISNA.
To effectively conserve these precious resources, she urged the establishment of a gene bank and a comprehensive genome map for plant genetic resources, focusing especially on those species facing extinction. The need for research initiatives targeting plants, particularly those with medicinal properties and drought resistance, is paramount for ensuring food security and sustainability.
Why Plants Matter
- Photosynthesis: Plants are unique organisms capable of producing their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Climate Change Mitigation: Plants, particularly forests and grasslands, act as carbon sinks, absorbing around 2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide annually.
- Water Quality Improvement: Healthy vegetation filters water, reduces contamination, and lowers the incidence of waterborne diseases.
- Biodiversity Support: Plants play a crucial role in stabilizing soils and supporting diverse ecosystems.
- Economic Contributions: Investing in plant health bolsters rural economies and enhances resilience against economic downturns.
Despite their critical role, many plant species have been neglected over recent decades, leading to a worrying number of them nearing extinction. Iran stands out in West Asia for its unique plant diversity, ranking second only to Turkey. Among its flora, there are approximately 1,800 endemic species, which are found only in specific geographical areas.
The history of medicinal plant production in Iran dates back to 1980, with over 300 medications derived from 1,200 medicinal plants. Domestic companies provide around 4,400 natural products and more than 2,000 traditional products to the market, showcasing the rich potential of Iran’s plant resources.
On average, each Iranian consumes about one kilogram of dried medicinal plants per year, totaling approximately 83,000 tons valued at around 1.2 trillion rials (about $4 million). In contrast, the per capita consumption in Europe is about 900 grams, while in the United States, it reaches 2.5 kilograms.
However, the indiscriminate harvesting of plant species, coupled with the effects of climate change, particularly drought, poses a significant threat to these vital resources. Drought impacts plant resilience, making them more susceptible to environmental stresses such as pests and high temperatures. Endemic species, in particular, are more vulnerable to these changes.
The consequences of drought can lead to the proliferation of invasive species, which may outcompete native plants. To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, several strategies can be implemented:
- Manage natural resource exploitation to prevent ecosystem degradation.
- Implement comprehensive and coordinated policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Raise public awareness and education on the importance of protecting nature.
The Need for Green Spaces in Iran
As one of the countries with low vegetation, covering only seven percent of its total area with forests, Iran faces a pressing need to enhance its green spaces. The nation is also the seventh largest carbon producer globally, yet ranks poorly in terms of carbon absorption.
To address these challenges, a campaign titled “Green Iran, Strong Iran” was launched, aiming to plant one billion saplings over four years. Experts agree that tree planting is a viable and immediate solution to combat climate change, requiring no advanced technology and allowing everyone to participate.
In conclusion, the conservation of plant diversity is not just about preserving nature; it is essential for maintaining ecological balance, supporting livelihoods, and fostering resilience against climate change. As Iran works towards enhancing its biodiversity, the role of native and endemic species must remain a priority for the government and its citizens alike.
