Discover Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari: A Winter Paradise for Migratory Birds

Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, a province in Iran, is a crucial stop on the international migratory bird corridor, hosting a multitude of wetlands that serve as a sanctuary for thousands of birds escaping the harsh Siberian winter. As autumn approaches, these wetlands become a vibrant hub for various aqua and waterside bird species, making it a prime destination for birdwatching enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

During this season, large flocks of birds, including grey geese, grey cranes, lesser white-fronted geese, herons, white-headed ducks, and various species of plovers and curlews, migrate to the Choghakhor, Gandoman, and Solagan wetlands. Unlike seasonal wetlands, these areas are permanently filled with water, providing a stable habitat throughout the year.

The wetlands’ ecological balance is maintained by:

• Sufficient water supply: Ensures a thriving ecosystem for both flora and fauna.
• Diverse vegetation: Supports various bird species and other wildlife.
• A rich variety of species: Includes insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.
• Environmental security: Continuous protection by environmentalists ensures a safe refuge.
• Online monitoring: Helps in tracking the health and safety of the wetlands.

These factors combine to create a refuge where some birds remain for the entire winter, while others use the wetlands as a pit stop during their migration.

One of the highlights of this region, Gandoman Wetland, was recognized as Iran’s 27th wetland of international importance in February. Spanning an impressive 1,070 hectares, it ranks among Iran’s top five birdwatching sites and is considered a critical habitat for migratory birds.

Choghakhor Wetland, another key area, covers 1,687 hectares and is designated as a hunting-restricted area, making it a safe haven for wildlife. This wetland is home to 47 bird species, including migratory birds such as the northern pintail. Notably, it supports over one percent of the population of the common pintail and endangered species like the white-headed duck and the eastern golden eagle. Additionally, Choghakhor Wetland is essential for the survival of the native Zagros fish in Iran.

In the previous year, the wetlands welcomed an astounding 85 migratory bird species, totaling over 300,000 birds, with 25 species breeding in these areas.

National Plan for Wetland Conservation

In June, a significant advancement in wetland conservation was made when the Department of Environment (DOE) and the Ministry of Agriculture signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU). This MOU is aimed at launching a national plan that empowers local communities to protect and sustainably utilize wetlands.

The primary goal of this agreement is to transform wetland protection from a mere government initiative into a broad social responsibility. This involves:

• Training local communities: Educating residents on the importance of wetlands.
• Empowering stakeholders: Involving locals in conservation efforts.
• Promoting sustainable practices: Encouraging responsible use of wetland resources.

Wetlands are often referred to as the kidneys of the Earth due to their vital role in maintaining ecological balance. They provide a plethora of benefits, including:

• Clean water: Filtering pollutants and providing fresh water.
• Flood protection: Absorbing excess rainfall and reducing flood risks.
• Aquifer restoration: Replenishing underground water sources.
• Surface water maintenance: Regulating water flow during dry seasons.

Iran’s geographical diversity is reflected in its numerous wetlands, with 27 designated under the International Ramsar Convention. These wetlands are essential for sustaining biodiversity and supporting human livelihoods.

On December 10, 2024, Mehri Asna-Ashari, an official from the DOE, reported that the conservation initiatives for Iranian wetlands have led to a remarkable 27.5 percent reduction in irrigation water consumption, coupled with a 22.5 percent increase in agricultural productivity.

“Currently, 49 wetlands, covering around 22 percent of the total wetlands in the country, are being conserved through a native ecosystem management partnership,” Asna-Ashari stated, as quoted by IRNA during a meeting of the steering committee for the international conservation project. This initiative highlights the importance of collaboration between government bodies and local communities in the ongoing efforts to protect and revitalize Iran’s precious wetland ecosystems.