International sanctions have severely impacted the Iranian economy, costing each citizen around 530 million rials ($500) annually, particularly in the non-oil trade sector, according to former Central Bank Governor Mohammad Hossein Adeli. Traders incur a 10% to 20% markup on goods due to sanctions, often using shell companies to disguise import origins, inflating prices by nearly 30%. Iran’s foreign trade volume is about $150 billion for the 2023-2024 fiscal year, with sanctions-evasion costs potentially reaching $50 billion. Additionally, a projected $13.5 billion loss in oil export revenue further exacerbates the economic strain on families, highlighting the urgent need for reforms.