International Caspian Sea Day, celebrated on August 12, unites Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan to address environmental challenges facing the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland body of water. Established by the Tehran Framework Convention in 2006, the day raises awareness of the region’s unique biodiversity, which is under threat from illegal fishing, pollution, climate change, and habitat destruction. Particularly endangered are sturgeons and Caspian seals, with seal populations declining dramatically. Iran has initiated conservation programs, including a national action plan for seals and a dedicated conservation center, emphasizing regional cooperation for sustainable environmental efforts.