The modern world faces urgent environmental and social challenges, such as global warming, biodiversity loss, and pollution, affecting nations universally. These crises lead to rising food prices, diseases, and forced migration, necessitating coordinated international action. Iran, despite facing sanctions, emphasizes environmental protection and aims for a transition to a low-carbon economy. Critical issues include severe drought, air pollution, and declining water resources, which threaten agriculture and infrastructure. The recent BRICS Environment Ministers meeting highlighted Iran’s push for enhanced South-South cooperation, including financial support and technical collaboration, to foster sustainable development and mitigate climate-related risks globally.