Education Emergency: Almost One Million Iranian Students Forced to Drop Out Due to Poverty and Mismanagement

Iran is grappling with a severe education crisis marked by a staggering increase in student dropouts. This alarming trend is deeply entrenched in structural poverty, economic disparity, and the chronic underfunding of the education system. Experts estimate that nearly one million children and teenagers have been forced out of the classroom, posing a significant threat to the future generation of the country.

According to Education Minister Alireza Kazemi, nearly 950,000 students have left school due to various factors, including economic hardship, health issues, migration, and inadequate school infrastructure. The situation is particularly dire in rural areas, where educational resources are severely lacking.

Challenges in Rural Education

In several small villages on the outskirts of Ahvaz, home to over 3,000 residents, there is not a single secondary school available. Consequently, 42 students had no choice but to abandon their education because no educational facilities exist nearby. Many children face long, perilous journeys to attend classes, a situation that often leads parents to refuse permission for their children to travel due to safety concerns.

Poverty and Inequality Driving Student Dropouts

Ali Zarafshan, an advisor to the Ministry of Education, identifies several systemic issues as the main drivers of the dropout crisis:

• Systemic crises in education
• Poverty and economic inequality
• Migration patterns
• Urban marginalization
• Lack of funding for school infrastructure

Official data from the 2023–2024 Statistical Yearbook reveals that Khuzestan Province, with over 1.08 million students, ranks fourth in the nation by student population. Nonetheless, Khuzestan, along with Sistan and Baluchestan, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, and suburban Tehran, has the highest dropout rates in the country.

Deputy Education Minister Rezvan Hakimzadeh has acknowledged that economic hardship, cultural factors, migration, family conservatism, and the distance from schools significantly contribute to the rising dropout rates. Many families lack proper documentation or reside in informal settlements, which excludes their children from official education statistics.

Urban Dropout Rates

Even urban areas are witnessing a surge in dropout rates. Many young individuals perceive education as meaningless, especially upon observing the high unemployment rates among university graduates. As a result, numerous students abandon their studies to pursue low-paying jobs to support their families.

Corruption and Teacher Recruitment Issues

In addition to economic factors, education experts blame non-professional hiring practices for the decline in school quality. In recent years, the regime has prioritized hiring clergymen and politically loyal individuals over qualified educators, significantly undermining the professional standards upheld by teacher training universities.

Mohammad Davari, spokesperson for the Iranian Teachers Organization, emphasized that mental health considerations are overlooked in teacher selection processes while extreme scrutiny is imposed regarding religious and political loyalty. He recounted the case of a top-ranked applicant who was rejected because “her hijab was deemed too loose.” Such ideological vetting, according to Davari, has distorted the balance of teacher recruitment and downgraded classroom standards.

Staggering Statistics on Dropouts

New data underscores the magnitude of the crisis. By May 2025, the Education Ministry had identified 152,287 out-of-school children aged 6–11 in Khuzestan alone, with more than 130,000 of these children having never enrolled in any educational institution.

Nationwide, during the 2022–2023 academic year, a total of 902,188 children dropped out at various educational levels. The breakdown is as follows:

• Elementary School: 156,835
• Lower Secondary: 195,568
• Upper Secondary: 549,785

The overall dropout rate reached 1.97%, accounting for 287,617 students that year. While the rate improved slightly to 1.65% in 2023–2024, the total number of out-of-school children remains alarmingly high.

Ideological Focus Over Educational Improvement

Despite this ongoing crisis, Education Minister Alireza Kazemi recently declared that the ministry’s primary focus is not on enhancing access to education or its quality. Instead, he emphasized “prayer, Quran, and strengthening religious and national identity.” He also unveiled new materials celebrating Iran’s missile program and “fallen commanders,” designed for distribution in schools.

This ideological agenda has provoked significant backlash from educators and lawmakers, who argue that it diverts much-needed resources from addressing urgent structural issues.

Class Divide in Education

Parliament member Mohammadreza Sabbaghian has likened Iran’s current education system to the caste divisions of the Sassanid Empire, criticizing how children from wealthy families and officials attend elite private schools with exorbitant tuition fees, while 80% of students are left in underfunded public schools.

Moreover, the best teachers are often relocated to these private institutions, leaving public school students with minimal support and outdated resources.

Declining Academic Performance

The repercussions of this educational neglect are evident. Ehsan Azimirad, spokesperson for the Parliamentary Education Committee, reported that the average GPA of Iranian students has plummeted to between 9 and 12 (out of 20), indicating a widespread decline in academic performance.

In September, Etemad newspaper reported that many stateless children in Sistan and Baluchestan faced registration denials this year. Families that previously enrolled their children using self-declaration letters from local authorities were informed that this policy had been suspended. One father lamented that he had to tell his children, with great shame, that they could no longer attend school.

A Generation in Jeopardy

Iran’s escalating education crisis is not merely a byproduct of economic decline; it also reflects systemic neglect and ideological mismanagement. With nearly one million children deprived of basic education, the regime’s emphasis on religious indoctrination and political control is jeopardizing the nation’s future.

If these issues remain unaddressed, Iran risks producing a lost generation—one that is trapped in poverty, unskilled, and excluded from any viable vision of progress.