In Iran, the conservation of indigenous livestock and poultry is vital for food security, as these breeds are well-adapted to local climates. While commercial farmers prefer exotic breeds for their higher productivity, rural communities utilize indigenous breeds for sustenance. Women, youth, and local residents play key roles in managing these resources, often facing challenges due to insufficient funding and migration to urban areas. Climate change and droughts threaten native populations, prompting initiatives like the establishment of research centers and databases to support conservation. Increased awareness and funding are crucial for reversing the decline of these genetic resources and ensuring sustainability.