Seismic activity in the Alborz Mountains and Caspian Sea region is driven by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian tectonic plates, creating active fault systems like the North Alborz and Mosha Faults. Major cities, including Tehran, face significant earthquake risks, exemplified by historical events such as the catastrophic 856 AD Damghan earthquake. The southern Caspian coast, particularly vulnerable due to soft sediments, is at risk for frequent quakes. Ongoing urbanization exacerbates these threats, necessitating improved infrastructure and disaster preparedness. Central Asia also faces seismic challenges, highlighting the need for enhanced resilience through updated building codes and community engagement.